Awareness, Attitude, and Knowledge Regarding Periodontal Disease Among Pregnant Women in Kunduz, Afghanistan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Introduction:
Oral health is a critical component of overall well-being, and its impact on systemic health is increasingly recognized. Periodontal disease, a chronic inflammatory condition, has been linked to various systemic conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Despite known risks, awareness and preventive care regarding periodontal disease remain low, particularly in resource-poor settings like Kunduz, Afghanistan.
Methodology:
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2024 to May 2025 at antenatal clinics in Kunduz Regional Hospital and Ebadi Kunduz Curative Hospital. The study targeted 200 pregnant women aged 17-44 years, assessing their awareness, attitudes, and knowledge of periodontal disease and its implications. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire in Dari or Pashto, the participants' native languages.
Results:
The majority of participants (63.0%) were aged 22-34 years, with 39% in their third trimester. Educational levels were generally low, with 64% being illiterate. Awareness of the connection between periodontal disease and pregnancy outcomes was limited, with many participants disagreeing with statements about risks such as high blood pressure, preterm birth, and low birth weight. Attitudes toward dental treatment during pregnancy were mixed, with 41% considering procedures like fillings safe, but only 35.5% believing routine teeth cleaning was safe.
Discussion:
This study highlights a significant gap in understanding the importance of oral health during pregnancy in Kunduz. The findings emphasize the need for culturally sensitive educational programs integrated into antenatal care to improve awareness and preventive care. Enhancing awareness and access to preventive dental services can reduce risks associated with periodontal disease, improving maternal and fetal health outcomes.
Conclusion:
Addressing gaps in awareness, attitude, and knowledge regarding periodontal disease among pregnant women in Kunduz is crucial for enhancing maternal and fetal health. Culturally sensitive educational programs, integrated into antenatal care, can empower women to maintain better oral hygiene and reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy complications.
